acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood (ANEC) is a disease characterized by respiratory or gastrointestinal infection and high fever accompanying with rapid alteration of consciousness and seizures. This disease is nearly exclusively seen in East Asian infants and children who had previously been completely healthy. Serial magnetic resonance imaging examinations have demonstrated symmetric lesions involving the thalami, brainstem, cerebellum, and white matter in this disease. The condition accompanies a poor prognosis with high morbidity and mortality rates. A 22-month-old toddler with ANEC hospitalized in Amirkola Children Hospital is being reviewed.

acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) is an infrequent disease in childhood with Specific clinical complications. To date, the highest incidence of this disease has been reported in East Asian children. The clinical features of the disease include convulsions, frequent vomiting, and coma. Most of these patients die within days or cause severe neurological complications. The disease is characterized by symmetric and necrotic multifunctional lesions in the thalami and brainstem. We reported a 5-year-old girl infant from Besat Hospital, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, located in west of Iran.

acute necrotizing Encephalopathy of childhood (ANEC) is a specific type ofencephalopathy. After viral infection, it can be diagnosed by bilateral symmetricallesions predominantly observed in thalami & brainstem of infants & children.Although, it is commonly occurred in Japanese and Taiwanese population. Thegoal of this article is to report a rare case of ANEC in a 15 months old girl infantfrom Thaleghani Hospital, Ramian, Gorgan, northern Iran.

COVID-19 is a pandemic disease in which most patients have pulmonary symptoms. However, several cases of CNS involvement associated with COVID-19 have been reported. acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood (ANEC) is a rare CNS complication of viral infections such as influenza, herpes virus, and COVID-19, leading to high mortality and morbidity rates. Several cases of COVID-19-associated acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) have been reported since March 2020 in adults, with just a few cases in pediatrics. This article reports a 5-month-old child who presented with seizures, with the final diagnosis of ANE as a complication of COVID-19. MRI findings of ANEC, as reported in most COVID-19-associated ANEC case reports, involve bilateral, symmetric, multifocal lesions in the central thalami. Moreover, the brainstem, cerebral white matter, and cerebellum could be affected. The prognosis of COVID-19-associated ANE is poor, leading to neurologic dysfunction or mortality. COVID-19-associated ANE cases must be reported, especially in pediatrics, with detailed clinical history, laboratory data, and radiologic findings to introduce diagnostic criteria, prognosis, and a management protocol.

Background: acute necrotizing Encephalopathy of Childhood (ANEC) is a rare disease with a higher prevalence in the East Asia which is characterized with symmetrical and multifocal involvement of areas including thalamus, brainstem, cerebellum and white matter and it is associated with death as well as long-term neurological disabilities (sequel) in the individuals who survive.In this report, we introduce a child with acute neurological symptoms resulted by a possible infection process and explain his CT-scan and brain MRI as well as paraclinical symptoms.

acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANEC) is a rare illness with high incidence in East Asia. It is accompanied with respiratory infection, gastrointestinal infections, and high fever with quick impaired consciousness, and convulsion. In this case report, Turkmen 6 month's girl that was introduced after an infection with no disease or clinical abnormalities. She was vaccinated accordingly; initially she had fever with generalized tonic-clonic convulsion (seizures) for 5 to 10 minutes level of consciousness decreased later on. She was transferred to Talghani Medicat Education center in nortern Iran. At the time of admition her vital signs were as below: RR: 30, GCS: 8-9, RP: 110, BP: 90/80. In the patient's history, there was neither Trauma history, nor food or drug poisoning, also no clinical history. After convulsion, the level of consciousness decreased and serum biochemistry showed normal electrolytes concentration.In further follow - up, AST increased to 98 units, ALT to 58 units, and ammonium to 215 units. In CSF Sample, protein level increased to 330 units, without any avidences of pleocytosis, blood, or Serum glucose drop. In CT without contract, hypodensity the cornea in thalamus and caudate cores were seen in 2 sides. The ventricles were normal and there were no signs of bleeding and pressure. In brain M.R.I, abnormal signal in 2 sides, blood samples cultivation, CSF, and testing urine for bacterial infection were negative. The patient was diagnosed with necrotizing encephalopathy and subsequently was treated with metyle prednisolone (20 mg daily). During hospitalization, level of consciousness increased and fever stopped. There was not recurrence of convulsion, but the patients still had some problems in moving, verbal and communication.

Objective acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood (ANEC) is a fast growing disease, accompanied by progressive encephalopathy. The aim of this study was to report a rare case of ANEC in a four-year-old boy with bilateral thalamic necrosis and non-fatal outcomes. Case Report The patient was a four-year-old Iranian boy, without any history of health problems or hospitalization, except for jaundice and phototherapy in the neonatal period. He had no neurological signs or symptoms during admission, and he was admitted only with chief complaints of acute onset of fever, coryza, and icterus. In the neurological consultation, brain MRI was requested to analyze the possibility of brain damage. The results indicated the involvement of cerebellum, thalamus, and basal ganglia, which led to the diagnosis of ANEC. Conclusion Based on our findings, although ANEC is a rare disease, it should not be underestimated.

necrotizing Fasciitis (NF) is frequently seen in adujts, having a low incidence in children and being rare in neonates. The disease has an acute and progressive course which mostly ends up in the death of the patient. In neonates, if usually follows omphalitis, nipple infection, following surgery and fetal monitoring. A strong clinical suspicion and other criteria, coupled with employing broad spectrum antibiotics and prompt surgery can decrease the mortality. We report one case of NF which occurred following acute omphalitis in a newborn. The newborn was 12 days old in whom primary care and antibiotics proved ineffective and the infection rapidly spread to soft subcutaneous tissues in the thorax and abdominal wall. On the 1st day of admission, operated and debridement carried out and was discharged fully well.  

Objectives acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood (ANEC) is a rare, potentially life-threatening condition. This study aimed to identify clinical profiles and outcomes of ANEC while assessing the accuracy of severity scoring in the Iranian population. Materials & Methods The present study collected demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiological data from children diagnosed with ANEC. Severity was measured using the ANE-Severity Score (ANE-SS), while outcomes were assessed with the Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS). This research analyzed the relationship between these scores and various parameters for statistical significance. Results Seven patients were included over three years, with an average age of 4. 4±2. 7 years (5 males). ANE-SS varied from moderate to high, with most patients experiencing moderate to severe disabilities, as indicated by the GOS. Significant correlations were found with initial serum magnesium levels, pupil light reactivity, and initial GCS score (P-value < 0. 05). Conclusion Controlling initial magnesium levels may improve ANEC outcomes. Additionally, intact pupil light reactivity at admission was associated with a better prognosis.